BPC & BPC-157

​

A pentadecapeptide derived from a protective protein found in human gastric juice. It is highly regarded for its systemic healing properties.

 

It accelerates wound healing by upregulating Early Growth Response 1 (EGR-1) and stimulating the expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), which promotes angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels).

It modulates the nitric oxide (NO) system to control blood flow and protects the mucosal lining of the GI tract.

​

KPV (Lysine-Proline-Valine)

A C-terminal tripeptide fragment of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (\alpha-MSH).

​

It exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-\kappaB signaling pathway, which reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is particularly effective in the gut and skin, often researched for its ability to stabilize mast cells and reduce allergic inflammation.

​

LL-37

The only human member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides.

​

It acts as a primary effector of the innate immune system. LL-37 can physically disrupt bacterial membranes through its amphipathic structure and can also modulate the host immune response by attracting neutrophils and T-cells.

Beyond its "natural antibiotic" role, it assists in re-epithelialization during the wound-healing process.

​

Humanin

A naturally occurring mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP).

​

Functions as a cytoprotective factor, particularly against oxidative stress. It interacts with the Bax protein to prevent apoptosis (programmed cell death) and stabilizes mitochondrial membrane potential.

Studied for its neuroprotective effects and its role in improving insulin sensitivity.

​

SS-31 (Elamipretide)

A cell-permeable peptide that specifically targets the inner mitochondrial membrane.

​

It binds to cardiolipin, a phospholipid essential for mitochondrial structure. By stabilizing cardiolipin, SS-31 prevents its oxidation and maintains the efficiency of the electron transport chain.

This results in decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased ATP (energy) production.

​

Glutathione

A tripeptide (cysteine, glycine, and glutamic acid) often called the "master antioxidant."

​

It acts as a substrate for the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which neutralizes hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides.

It is critical for Phase II detoxification in the liver and maintaining the redox state of the cell.

​

Cortagen

A synthetic bioregulator tripeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp).

​

It is believed to modulate gene expression by interacting directly with the DNA of brain cells.

It is researched for its ability to reduce the activity of "pro-inflammatory" genes in the central nervous system, potentially aiding in nerve regeneration and reducing age-related cognitive decline.

​

Vilon

A dipeptide (Lys-Glu) bioregulator.

​

It acts on the chromatin structure in the nucleus, stimulating the expression of genes involved in immune function.

It specifically targets the thymus gland, helping to reverse age-related involution (shrinking) of the thymus and improving T-cell maturation.

​

VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)

A 28-amino acid neuropeptide.

​

It acts through two G-protein coupled receptors, VPAC1 and VPAC2, to increase intracellular cAMP levels.

It causes potent vasodilation, regulates circadian rhythms, and has a "TH2-shifting" effect on the immune system, making it highly anti-inflammatory.

​

FOX-04

A "senolytic" peptide designed to target aging cells.

​

It interferes with the binding of p53 (a protein that signals cell death) and FOXO4 in senescent cells. When this bond is broken, p53 is free to move to the mitochondria and trigger apoptosis in these "zombie" cells.

Its goal is to clear out aged, non-functioning cells to make room for healthy ones.

​

PNC-27

An anti-cancer peptide fragment.

​

It contains an HDM2-binding domain that targets the cell membrane of cancer cells (which often express HDM2) but not healthy cells. It creates pores in the cancer cell membrane, leading to rapid cell lysis (bursting).

It is currently researched as a highly selective method for inducing tumor cell death.

​

Thymosin (\alpha-1 & \beta-4)

A family of peptides originally isolated from the thymus.

​

\beta-4 is the primary G-actin sequestering peptide, meaning it controls cell morphology and motility by managing the "skeleton" of the cell.

\alpha-1) acts as an immune modulator by enhancing the production of T-cells and increasing the expression of MHC Class I molecules.